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‎Interview Questions/interview-questions-english.md

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‎notes/Hindi/03-separation-of-concerns.md

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@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ JavaScript ko HTML mein link karne ke liye aapko <script> tag ka upyog karna hot
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3. Ab HTML page ko open karein aur head section mein <script> tag ka upyog karein. Iske baad src attribute mein apne JavaScript file ka path dena hoga. Yeh path relative ho sakta hai ya absolute bhi ho sakta hai.
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4. Yeh ek example hai jo aapko help karega. Yahan par maine ek JavaScript file "script.js" banaya hai aur use "index.html" mein link kiya hai.
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4.Yahan par maine ek JavaScript file "script.js" banaya hai aur use "index.html" mein link kiya hai.
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```javascript
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<!DOCTYPE html>
@@ -40,5 +40,3 @@ JavaScript ko HTML mein link karne ke liye aapko <script> tag ka upyog karna hot
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```
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Is example mein, humne <script> tag ka upyog kiya aur usmein src attribute mein "script.js" ka path diya hai. Agar script.js file index.html file se alag folder mein hai toh aapko path ko accordingly update karna hoga.
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Mujhe ummeed hai ki yeh example aapko help karega JavaScript file ko HTML page se link karne mein.

‎notes/Hindi/10-operators.md

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@@ -367,5 +367,3 @@ console.log(result); // Output: 20
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```
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In this example, the expression `num2 * 2` is evaluated first (giving us 10), and then added to num1, giving a result of 20.
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I hope this helps you understand operator precedence in JavaScript!

‎notes/Hindi/17-loopand_switch.md

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@@ -72,8 +72,6 @@ for (let i = 0; i < fruits.length; i++) {
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Yahan `fruits` ek array hai jismein hum 3 strings store kar rahe hain. For loop ke ander counter variable `i` hai jo 0 se shuruat karta hai aur `fruits.length` (yani 3) tak chalta hai. Har iteration ke baad hum `console.log(fruits[i])` ka use karke current index ki value console par print karte hain.
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Iska output niche diya gaya hai:
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```
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Apple
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Banana
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5
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```
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Ummid hai ki ab aapko while loop ke baare mein achi tarah se samajh aa gaya hoga!
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### What is do...while loop
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Do...while loop ek aisa loop hai jo kisi bhi code block ko baar-baar execute karta hai jab tak ki uske condition ka result true na ho. Yeh loop pehle code block ko execute karta hai aur phir condition check karta hai. Agar condition true hoti hai to loop continue rahta hai, lekin agar condition false hoti hai tab bhi code block ko kam se kam ek baar execute kar diya jaata hai.
@@ -264,7 +260,7 @@ switch (expression) {
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यहाँ expression value को evaluate करने के लिए है जो case के values से match करती हैं। अगर expression किसी bhi case value से match करता है, तो उस case का code block execute होता है। इसके बाद break statement से execution control switch block से बाहर निकल जाता है।
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यहाँ एक उदाहरण है:
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example
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```
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let day = "Monday";
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3
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```
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Iss tarah, break ka use karke hum loop ya switch statement ko jald se jald exit kar sakte hai.
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### What is default case in a Switch Statement ?
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Switch Statements are used in programming languages to execute different blocks of code based on the value of an expression.

‎notes/Hindi/18-string.md

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@@ -83,8 +83,6 @@ String literal = "Hello World!";
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String object = new String("Hello World!");
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```
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Ummid hai yeh samjhane mein madad milegi.
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### String length property
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"String length property" refers to the number of characters in a string. It is a built-in property of the String object in JavaScript and can be accessed using the ".length" syntax.
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उदाहरण:
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var str = "Hello World";
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console.log(str.indexOf("o")); // आउटपुट: 4
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5. slice(): यह फंक

‎notes/Hindi/19-scoping_and_scope.md

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document.getElementById("value2").innerHTML = typeof Name;
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```
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Block Scope:

‎notes/Hindi/22-destructuring.md

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@@ -595,22 +595,26 @@ likhne ki jrurat ni hai.
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- Old way
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```
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let obj = {
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sum: function (a, b) {
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console.log(a + b);
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},
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sum: function (a, b) {
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console.log(a + b);
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},
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};
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```
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- New way
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- Upar vale function ko niche vale function ki trah b likh skte hain
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```
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obj = {
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sum(a, b) {
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console.log(a + b);
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},
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};
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obj = {
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sum(a, b) {
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console.log(a + b);
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},
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};
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```
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- for example :
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```
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let a = "age";
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obj = {
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[a + 2]: "learnjavascript",
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- for example :
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```
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let obj = {
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address: {
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otherAddress: {
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- Checking array is empty
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```
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let arr = [1, 2, 4, 5];
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console.log(arr[2]?.address?.pincode); //undefined
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- for example :
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```
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let obj = {};
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obj?.printHello?.(); //No error
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- Using optional Chaining in conditon :
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```
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let obj = {
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name: "Sajid",
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age: 21,
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- With optional chaining
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```
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if (obj?.myAddress?.other?.city) {
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console.log("Hello");
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} else {
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console.log("City Not present");
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}
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```
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```

‎notes/Hindi/26-date.md

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```
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Yahan pe, setInterval function `function()` ko 1 second (1000 milliseconds) ke baad run karega. Jaise hi wo chalega, yeh `count` variable ko 1 increase karega aur usko console pe print karega. Agar `count` 5 ke equal ho jata hai, to setInterval ko clearInterval se cancel kar diya jayega.
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Mujhe ummeed hai ki yeh samajhne mein madad karega!

‎notes/Hindi/27-DRY-principle.md

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console.log(area); // Output: 200
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```
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This way, we have achieved code reusability and avoided duplicating code.

‎notes/Hindi/32-Destructuring-Array.md

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@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ Destructuring of nested objects can be a powerful tool for working with complex
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Destructuring का उपयोग javascript में विभिन्न तरीकों से किया जाता है, इसमें हम एक फंक्शन के पैरामीटर में डिफॉल्ट वैल्यूज और विभिन्न प्रकार की डेटा संरचनाओं (data structures) को बहुत सरल तरीके से अनपैक (unpack) करते हैं।
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आइए एक उदाहरण के माध्यम से समझें:
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example
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```
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function printUserDetails({name, age, location}) {

‎notes/Hindi/37-Optional-chaining.md

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@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Optional chaining ek aisi JavaScript ki suvidha hai jisse aap ek object ke upar
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Ek array khali hai ya nahi check karne ke liye, aap optional chaining ka upayog karke uski length property ka istemaal kar sakte hain. `?.` operater ka use karke aap dekh sakte hain ki array hai ya nahi.
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Yahan ek udahran diya gaya hai:
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example
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```javascript
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const arr = [];

‎notes/Hindi/38-DOM.md

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Is example mein humne createElement method se ek naya &lt;p&gt; element banaya hai. Uske baad humne createTextNode method se "Hello World!" text ka naya node banaya hai. Phir humne appendChild method se is text node ko newly created &lt;p&gt; element ke andar daal diya hai. Finally, humne appendChild method se is new &lt;p&gt; element ko exist karne wale div ("#example") ke andar add kar diya hai.
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Is tarah se hum createElement, createTextNode aur appendChild ke madad se DOM Nodes create aur manipulate kar sakte hain.

‎notes/Hindi/40-RegExp.md

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console.log(str); // "Hi, World!"
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In summary, regular expressions are powerful tools for working with text patterns in JavaScript, and can be used to perform complex string manipulations with ease.

‎notes/Hindi/41-JSON-XML.md

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In this example, we use the `getElementsByTagName` method to get an array of all the `book` elements in the XML document. We then loop over each `book` element and extract its `title`, `author`, `year`, and `price` elements using the `getElementsByTagName` method again. Finally, we log the information about each book to the console.
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Hope that helps!

‎notes/Hindi/42-JavaScript-Engine.md

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JavaScript engine ka kaam hota hai ki jab browser me koi webpage load hoti hai jisme JavaScript code likha gaya ho to vo engine us code ko padhta hai aur use machine language me convert karta hai jo ki computer samajh sakte hai. Is process ko "compilation" kehte hai.
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Ek example ke roop me, Google Chrome ka V8 JavaScript engine bahut popular hai. Ye engine Node.js, Electron aur nw.js jaise tools ke saath bhi istemaal kiya ja sakta hai. Ye engine JavaScript code ko optimized tarike se compile karta hai, jisse ki code ki speed improve ho aur execution time kam ho.
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Iss tarah se, JavaScript engine ek important component hai jo website aur web applications ko performant banane me madad karta hai.

‎notes/Hindi/43-Call-Stack.md

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Ek example ke through samjhaate hain. Maan lijiye aapke paas do functions hain - `greet()` aur `hello()`. Ab aap `greet()` function ko call karte hain. Toh uss samay `greet()` function Call Stack me add ho jaata hai. Phir `greet()` function me se `hello()` function ko call karte hain. Tab `hello()` function bhi Call Stack me add ho jaata hai.
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Ab `hello()` function execute hota hai aur call stack se hat jaata hai. Phir `greet()` function bhi execute ho jaata hai aur woh bhi call stack se hat jaata hai. Is tarah se Call Stack ka use karke JavaScript engine apna flow control maintain karta hai.
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Ummid hai ki aapko samajh aa gaya hoga.

‎notes/Hindi/44-Execution-Context.md

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जैसा कि ऊपर दिखाया गया है, `a` global variable है जो `foo()` function में reference किया जा सकता है। अब, `foo()` function का execution start होने पर उसका own variable environment create हुआ, जिसमें `b` variable की reference होती है। जब `console.log(a+b)` line execute हुई, तो जावास्क्रिप्ट engine ने `b` की value lookup करने के लिए `foo()` function के variable environment में देखा और इसके बाद `a` की value lookup करने के लिए global scope में देखा।
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उम्मीद है यह समझने में मददगार साबित होगा।
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### what is Type of execution context ? Global and Functional
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JavaScript mein execution context ka matlab hota hai ki code kaise execute hoga. JavaScript 2 type ke execution context support karta hai:
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Is tarah global aur functional execution context ka use karke JavaScript mein code execution ko manage kiya ja sakta hai.

‎notes/Hindi/46-Compiler-Interpreter-JIT.md

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Interpreter ek bahut hi important role nibhata hai JavaScript programming mein. Interpreter code ko debug karne mein bhi kaafi madad karta hai, kyonki wah error messages generate karta hai jab aapka code sahi nahi hota hai.
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Yahan ek example diya gaya hai:
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example
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```
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Ek udaharan se samjhe to Compiler ka kaam ek teacher ke jaisa hota hai jo kisi student ke sare notes ko pehle se check karke unke mistakes ko sudhaar leta hai. Lekin Interpreter ka kaam ek translator ki tarah hota hai jo Foreign language me baat kar rahe vyakti ke vichaar ko dusre vyakti ko samjhane me madad karta hai.
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Umeed hai ki ab aapko Compiler aur Interpreter ke beech ke antar ka sahi roop se samajh aa gaya hoga.
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.

‎notes/Hindi/49-Prototypal-Inheritance.md

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Classes, जैसा कि नाम से पता चलता है, एक बनावट हैं जो एक नया Object बनाने के लिए उपयोग होती है। क्लास में आमतौर पर constructor फ़ंक्शन, method और properties होते हैं। निम्नलिखित उदाहरण में, हम क्लास बनाते हैं जिसका नाम Car होता है जिसमें मॉडल, रंग और स्पीड के लिए Properties और start, stop और drive के लिए methods होते हैं।
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example
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```
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class Car {
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Inheritance में, एक Class को दूसरी Class से inherit किया जाता है और उसकी Properties और methods को उस class के objects में उपलब्ध कराया जाता है। जब हम एक Class को inherit करते हैं, तो नई Class parent Class की सभी Properties और methods को इंहेरिट करती है और उन्हें override भी कर सकती है। निम्नलिखित उदाहरण में, हम Car class को extend करते हुए ElectricCar class बनाते हैं। ElectricCar class में नई Property battery को add किया गया है और drive method को override किया गया है।
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example
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```
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class ElectricCar extends Car {
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A constructor function ka naam hamesha capital letter se shuru hota hai, jisse wo aasani se distinguish ho sake. Jab hum ise call karte hai to ye ek naya object bana deta hai aur usko return kar deta hai.
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Yeh ek example hai:
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example
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```javascript
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// Constructor function definition
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Phir humne `new` keyword ka use kiya hai jisse ki humne ek naya object `myCar` banaya hai. Is object ke andar `Car` constructor function ke property `make`, `model`, aur `year` ki values store ho gayi hai.
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Last mein humne console par `myCar` ke alag alag properties ko access kiya hai.
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Is tarah se hum constructor functions ka use karke apne code me objects create kar sakte hai aur unhe behtar tarike se manage kar sakte hai.

‎notes/Hindi/51-OOPs.md

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`person1` object ko create karne ke baad, humne `name` property ko `John` se `Jane` mein update kiya aur phir console par uski value ko print kiya.
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Hinglish mein, Setters aur Getters JavaScript mein properties ko handle karne ke kaam aate hain. Setters property ki value ko set karte hain, jabki Getters property ki value ko retrieve karte hain. Upar diye gaye example mein, `Person` class mein `name` property ke liye `get` aur `set` functions ka use kiya gaya tha. `get` function `name` ki current value ko return karta hai, jabki `set` function `name` ki value ko set karta hai.
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Setters aur Getters JavaScript mein properties ko handle karne ke kaam aate hain. Setters property ki value ko set karte hain, jabki Getters property ki value ko retrieve karte hain. Upar diye gaye example mein, `Person` class mein `name` property ke liye `get` aur `set` functions ka use kiya gaya tha. `get` function `name` ki current value ko return karta hai, jabki `set` function `name` ki value ko set karta hai.
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### what is Static methods
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In this example, we first call the `filter()` method on the `numbers` array to filter out all the even numbers, which returns a new array containing only the odd numbers. Then, we call the `map()` method on this filtered array to square each remaining number, which returns another new array with the squared numbers. Finally, we call the `reduce()` method on this mapped array to get their sum, which is stored in the `result` variable.
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Overall, chaining methods in JavaScript can help simplify your code by allowing you to perform multiple operations on the same object in a single line.

‎notes/Hindi/52-Constructor function.md

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Is example mein, humne `Car` constructor function ko define kiya hai jismein `make`, `model`, aur `year` properties hain. Fir humne `new` keyword ka use karke ek naya Car object create kiya hai, jiska make `'Toyota'`, model `'Corolla'`, aur year `2020` hai.
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Hinglish mein samjhane ke liye, hum keh sakte hai ki Constructor function ek template hai jisko hum use karke multiple objects create kar sakte hai. Ye ek blueprint ki tarah hota hai jismein hum properties and methods define karte hai jo har object ke liye same hote hai.
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hum keh sakte hai ki Constructor function ek template hai jisko hum use karke multiple objects create kar sakte hai. Ye ek blueprint ki tarah hota hai jismein hum properties and methods define karte hai jo har object ke liye same hote hai.
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### what is new keyword
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`new` एक JavaScript की keyword है जो object के instance को create करने के लिए use किया जाता है। जब हम `new` keyword का use करते हैं तो एक नया object create होता है जो class या constructor function से बना होता है।
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इसके लिए, हमें एक constructor function बनानी होती है जो नया object create करती है। उसके बाद, हम `new` keyword का use करते हुए उस constructor function को call करते हैं। इस प्रकार, नया object create होता है और उसे variable में assign किया जाता है।
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जैसे कि,
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example
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```javascript
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```
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जैसा कि ऊपर दिखाया गया है, हमने `Person` constructor function create किया जो `name` और `age` property के साथ एक object create करता है। फिर हम `new` keyword का use करते हुए `Person` constructor function को call करते हैं और नया object `person1` create करते हैं।
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इस प्रकार, हम `new` keyword का use करके JavaScript में objects को create कर सकते हैं।

‎notes/Hindi/53-Object-create.md

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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Prototype parameter ke through aap specify kar sakte hai ki aapka naya object ki
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PropertiesObject parameter optional hai aur ismein aap apne naye object ke property aur unki values set kar sakte hai.
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Chaliye ek example dekhte hai:
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example
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```
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// Create a person object as prototype
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```
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Is example mein humne ek `person` object create kiya jiska `greeting` method hai. Fir humne `Object.create()` function ka use karke ek naya object `john` create kiya jiske prototype ke roop mein `person` object set kiya gaya hai. Ab humne `john` object ke properties set kiye jaise ki `name` aur `age`, fir `greeting()` method ko call kiya jisne apna output `"Hello, my name is John"` diya.
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Yehi tarika aap Object.create() ka use karke apne JavaScript applications mein implement kar sakte hai.

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