oauth2.go

// Copyright 2014 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// Package oauth2 provides support for making
// OAuth2 authorized and authenticated HTTP requests,
// as specified in RFC 6749.
// It can additionally grant authorization with Bearer JWT.
package oauth2 // import "golang.org/x/oauth2"

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"errors"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"golang.org/x/oauth2/internal"
)

// NoContext is the default context you should supply if not using
// your own [context.Context].
//
// Deprecated: Use [context.Background] or [context.TODO] instead.
var NoContext = context.TODO()

// RegisterBrokenAuthHeaderProvider previously did something. It is now a no-op.
//
// Deprecated: this function no longer does anything. Caller code that
// wants to avoid potential extra HTTP requests made during
// auto-probing of the provider's auth style should set
// Endpoint.AuthStyle.
func RegisterBrokenAuthHeaderProvider(tokenURL string) {}

// Config describes a typical 3-legged OAuth2 flow, with both the
// client application information and the server's endpoint URLs.
// For the client credentials 2-legged OAuth2 flow, see the
// [golang.org/x/oauth2/clientcredentials] package.
type Config struct {
	// ClientID is the application's ID.
	ClientID string

	// ClientSecret is the application's secret.
	ClientSecret string

	// Endpoint contains the authorization server's token endpoint
	// URLs. These are constants specific to each server and are
	// often available via site-specific packages, such as
	// google.Endpoint or github.Endpoint.
	Endpoint Endpoint

	// RedirectURL is the URL to redirect users going through
	// the OAuth flow, after the resource owner's URLs.
	RedirectURL string

	// Scopes specifies optional requested permissions.
	Scopes []string

	// authStyleCache caches which auth style to use when Endpoint.AuthStyle is
	// the zero value (AuthStyleAutoDetect).
	authStyleCache internal.LazyAuthStyleCache
}

// A TokenSource is anything that can return a token.
type TokenSource interface {
	// Token returns a token or an error.
	// Token must be safe for concurrent use by multiple goroutines.
	// The returned Token must not be modified.
	Token() (*Token, error)
}

// Endpoint represents an OAuth 2.0 provider's authorization and token
// endpoint URLs.
type Endpoint struct {
	AuthURL       string
	DeviceAuthURL string
	TokenURL      string

	// AuthStyle optionally specifies how the endpoint wants the
	// client ID & client secret sent. The zero value means to
	// auto-detect.
	AuthStyle AuthStyle
}

// AuthStyle represents how requests for tokens are authenticated
// to the server.
type AuthStyle int

const (
	// AuthStyleAutoDetect means to auto-detect which authentication
	// style the provider wants by trying both ways and caching
	// the successful way for the future.
	AuthStyleAutoDetect AuthStyle = 0

	// AuthStyleInParams sends the "client_id" and "client_secret"
	// in the POST body as application/x-www-form-urlencoded parameters.
	AuthStyleInParams AuthStyle = 1

	// AuthStyleInHeader sends the client_id and client_password
	// using HTTP Basic Authorization. This is an optional style
	// described in the OAuth2 RFC 6749 section 2.3.1.
	AuthStyleInHeader AuthStyle = 2
)

var (
	// AccessTypeOnline and AccessTypeOffline are options passed
	// to the Options.AuthCodeURL method. They modify the
	// "access_type" field that gets sent in the URL returned by
	// AuthCodeURL.
	//
	// Online is the default if neither is specified. If your
	// application needs to refresh access tokens when the user
	// is not present at the browser, then use offline. This will
	// result in your application obtaining a refresh token the
	// first time your application exchanges an authorization
	// code for a user.
	AccessTypeOnline  AuthCodeOption = SetAuthURLParam("access_type", "online")
	AccessTypeOffline AuthCodeOption = SetAuthURLParam("access_type", "offline")

	// ApprovalForce forces the users to view the consent dialog
	// and confirm the permissions request at the URL returned
	// from AuthCodeURL, even if they've already done so.
	ApprovalForce AuthCodeOption = SetAuthURLParam("prompt", "consent")
)

// An AuthCodeOption is passed to Config.AuthCodeURL.
type AuthCodeOption interface {
	setValue(url.Values)
}

type setParam struct{ k, v string }

func (p setParam) setValue(m url.Values) { m.Set(p.k, p.v) }

// SetAuthURLParam builds an [AuthCodeOption] which passes key/value parameters
// to a provider's authorization endpoint.
func SetAuthURLParam(key, value string) AuthCodeOption {
	return setParam{key, value}
}

// AuthCodeURL returns a URL to OAuth 2.0 provider's consent page
// that asks for permissions for the required scopes explicitly.
//
// State is an opaque value used by the client to maintain state between the
// request and callback. The authorization server includes this value when
// redirecting the user agent back to the client.
//
// Opts may include [AccessTypeOnline] or [AccessTypeOffline], as well
// as [ApprovalForce].
//
// To protect against CSRF attacks, opts should include a PKCE challenge
// (S256ChallengeOption). Not all servers support PKCE. An alternative is to
// generate a random state parameter and verify it after exchange.
// See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-10.12 (predating
// PKCE), https://www.oauth.com/oauth2-servers/pkce/ and
// https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-1-09.html#name-cross-site-request-forgery (describing both approaches)
func (c *Config) AuthCodeURL(state string, opts ...AuthCodeOption) string {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	buf.WriteString(c.Endpoint.AuthURL)
	v := url.Values{
		"response_type": {"code"},
		"client_id":     {c.ClientID},
	}
	if c.RedirectURL != "" {
		v.Set("redirect_uri", c.RedirectURL)
	}
	if len(c.Scopes) > 0 {
		v.Set("scope", strings.Join(c.Scopes, " "))
	}
	if state != "" {
		v.Set("state", state)
	}
	for _, opt := range opts {
		opt.setValue(v)
	}
	if strings.Contains(c.Endpoint.AuthURL, "?") {
		buf.WriteByte('&')
	} else {
		buf.WriteByte('?')
	}
	buf.WriteString(v.Encode())
	return buf.String()
}

// PasswordCredentialsToken converts a resource owner username and password
// pair into a token.
//
// Per the RFC, this grant type should only be used "when there is a high
// degree of trust between the resource owner and the client (e.g., the client
// is part of the device operating system or a highly privileged application),
// and when other authorization grant types are not available."
// See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.3 for more info.
//
// The provided context optionally controls which HTTP client is used. See the [HTTPClient] variable.
func (c *Config) PasswordCredentialsToken(ctx context.Context, username, password string) (*Token, error) {
	v := url.Values{
		"grant_type": {"password"},
		"username":   {username},
		"password":   {password},
	}
	if len(c.Scopes) > 0 {
		v.Set("scope", strings.Join(c.Scopes, " "))
	}
	return retrieveToken(ctx, c, v)
}

// Exchange converts an authorization code into a token.
//
// It is used after a resource provider redirects the user back
// to the Redirect URI (the URL obtained from AuthCodeURL).
//
// The provided context optionally controls which HTTP client is used. See the [HTTPClient] variable.
//
// The code will be in the [http.Request.FormValue]("code"). Before
// calling Exchange, be sure to validate [http.Request.FormValue]("state") if you are
// using it to protect against CSRF attacks.
//
// If using PKCE to protect against CSRF attacks, opts should include a
// VerifierOption.
func (c *Config) Exchange(ctx context.Context, code string, opts ...AuthCodeOption) (*Token, error) {
	v := url.Values{
		"grant_type": {"authorization_code"},
		"code":       {code},
	}
	if c.RedirectURL != "" {
		v.Set("redirect_uri", c.RedirectURL)
	}
	for _, opt := range opts {
		opt.setValue(v)
	}
	return retrieveToken(ctx, c, v)
}

// Client returns an HTTP client using the provided token.
// The token will auto-refresh as necessary. The underlying
// HTTP transport will be obtained using the provided context.
// The returned client and its Transport should not be modified.
func (c *Config) Client(ctx context.Context, t *Token) *http.Client {
	return NewClient(ctx, c.TokenSource(ctx, t))
}

// TokenSource returns a [TokenSource] that returns t until t expires,
// automatically refreshing it as necessary using the provided context.
//
// Most users will use [Config.Client] instead.
func (c *Config) TokenSource(ctx context.Context, t *Token) TokenSource {
	tkr := &tokenRefresher{
		ctx:  ctx,
		conf: c,
	}
	if t != nil {
		tkr.refreshToken = t.RefreshToken
	}
	return &reuseTokenSource{
		t:   t,
		new: tkr,
	}
}

// tokenRefresher is a TokenSource that makes "grant_type=refresh_token"
// HTTP requests to renew a token using a RefreshToken.
type tokenRefresher struct {
	ctx          context.Context // used to get HTTP requests
	conf         *Config
	refreshToken string
}

// WARNING: Token is not safe for concurrent access, as it
// updates the tokenRefresher's refreshToken field.
// Within this package, it is used by reuseTokenSource which
// synchronizes calls to this method with its own mutex.
func (tf *tokenRefresher) Token() (*Token, error) {
	if tf.refreshToken == "" {
		return nil, errors.New("oauth2: token expired and refresh token is not set")
	}

	tk, err := retrieveToken(tf.ctx, tf.conf, url.Values{
		"grant_type":    {"refresh_token"},
		"refresh_token": {tf.refreshToken},
	})

	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if tf.refreshToken != tk.RefreshToken {
		tf.refreshToken = tk.RefreshToken
	}
	return tk, nil
}

// reuseTokenSource is a TokenSource that holds a single token in memory
// and validates its expiry before each call to retrieve it with
// Token. If it's expired, it will be auto-refreshed using the
// new TokenSource.
type reuseTokenSource struct {
	new TokenSource // called when t is expired.

	mu sync.Mutex // guards t
	t  *Token

	expiryDelta time.Duration
}

// Token returns the current token if it's still valid, else will
// refresh the current token and return the new one.
func (s *reuseTokenSource) Token() (*Token, error) {
	s.mu.Lock()
	defer s.mu.Unlock()
	if s.t.Valid() {
		return s.t, nil
	}
	t, err := s.new.Token()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	t.expiryDelta = s.expiryDelta
	s.t = t
	return t, nil
}

// StaticTokenSource returns a [TokenSource] that always returns the same token.
// Because the provided token t is never refreshed, StaticTokenSource is only
// useful for tokens that never expire.
func StaticTokenSource(t *Token) TokenSource {
	return staticTokenSource{t}
}

// staticTokenSource is a TokenSource that always returns the same Token.
type staticTokenSource struct {
	t *Token
}

func (s staticTokenSource) Token() (*Token, error) {
	return s.t, nil
}

// HTTPClient is the context key to use with [context.WithValue]
// to associate a [*http.Client] value with a context.
var HTTPClient internal.ContextKey

// NewClient creates an [*http.Client] from a [context.Context] and [TokenSource].
// The returned client is not valid beyond the lifetime of the context.
//
// Note that if a custom [*http.Client] is provided via the [context.Context] it
// is used only for token acquisition and is not used to configure the
// [*http.Client] returned from NewClient.
//
// As a special case, if src is nil, a non-OAuth2 client is returned
// using the provided context. This exists to support related OAuth2
// packages.
func NewClient(ctx context.Context, src TokenSource) *http.Client {
	if src == nil {
		return internal.ContextClient(ctx)
	}
	cc := internal.ContextClient(ctx)
	return &http.Client{
		Transport: &Transport{
			Base:   cc.Transport,
			Source: ReuseTokenSource(nil, src),
		},
		CheckRedirect: cc.CheckRedirect,
		Jar:           cc.Jar,
		Timeout:       cc.Timeout,
	}
}

// ReuseTokenSource returns a [TokenSource] which repeatedly returns the
// same token as long as it's valid, starting with t.
// When its cached token is invalid, a new token is obtained from src.
//
// ReuseTokenSource is typically used to reuse tokens from a cache
// (such as a file on disk) between runs of a program, rather than
// obtaining new tokens unnecessarily.
//
// The initial token t may be nil, in which case the [TokenSource] is
// wrapped in a caching version if it isn't one already. This also
// means it's always safe to wrap ReuseTokenSource around any other
// [TokenSource] without adverse effects.
func ReuseTokenSource(t *Token, src TokenSource) TokenSource {
	// Don't wrap a reuseTokenSource in itself. That would work,
	// but cause an unnecessary number of mutex operations.
	// Just build the equivalent one.
	if rt, ok := src.(*reuseTokenSource); ok {
		if t == nil {
			// Just use it directly.
			return rt
		}
		src = rt.new
	}
	return &reuseTokenSource{
		t:   t,
		new: src,
	}
}

// ReuseTokenSourceWithExpiry returns a [TokenSource] that acts in the same manner as the
// [TokenSource] returned by [ReuseTokenSource], except the expiry buffer is
// configurable. The expiration time of a token is calculated as
// t.Expiry.Add(-earlyExpiry).
func ReuseTokenSourceWithExpiry(t *Token, src TokenSource, earlyExpiry time.Duration) TokenSource {
	// Don't wrap a reuseTokenSource in itself. That would work,
	// but cause an unnecessary number of mutex operations.
	// Just build the equivalent one.
	if rt, ok := src.(*reuseTokenSource); ok {
		if t == nil {
			// Just use it directly, but set the expiryDelta to earlyExpiry,
			// so the behavior matches what the user expects.
			rt.expiryDelta = earlyExpiry
			return rt
		}
		src = rt.new
	}
	if t != nil {
		t.expiryDelta = earlyExpiry
	}
	return &reuseTokenSource{
		t:           t,
		new:         src,
		expiryDelta: earlyExpiry,
	}
}