Merge pull request #493 from Kritika75/features

Adding the Probability Calculator

Author: UTSAVS26

DIRECTORY.md

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-/home/runner/work/_temp/6fdf1479-e363-4b48-b800-3caed6b26718.sh: line 1: scripts/build_directory_md.py: Permission denied
+/home/runner/work/_temp/0d348b40-ee10-4617-a82a-a9b8b7f1343f.sh: line 1: scripts/build_directory_md.py: Permission denied

pysnippets/Mathematics/probability.py

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+import numpy as np
+import scipy.stats as stats 
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import argparse
+
+def correlation_coefficient(x, y):
+    return np.corrcoef(x, y)[0, 1]
+
+def poisson_probability(lmbda, k):
+    return stats.poisson.pmf(k, lmbda)
+
+def normal_distribution_pdf(x, mean, std_dev):
+    return stats.norm.pdf(x, mean, std_dev)
+
+def normal_distribution_cdf(x, mean, std_dev):
+    return stats.norm.cdf(x, mean, std_dev)
+
+def log_normal_distribution_pdf(x, mean, std_dev):
+    return stats.lognorm.pdf(x, std_dev, scale=np.exp(mean))
+
+def gamma_distribution_pdf(x, alpha, beta):
+    return stats.gamma.pdf(x, alpha, scale=1/beta)
+
+def z_value(x, mean, std_dev):
+    return (x - mean) / std_dev
+
+def binomial_probability(n, p, k):
+    return stats.binom.pmf(k, n, p)
+
+def exponential_probability(lmbda, x):
+    return stats.expon.pdf(x, scale=1/lmbda)
+
+def plot_poisson(lmbda, max_k=15):
+    k_values = np.arange(0, max_k+1)
+    probabilities = [poisson_probability(lmbda, k) for k in k_values]
+    plt.bar(k_values, probabilities, color='skyblue', alpha=0.7)
+    plt.xlabel("Number of Events (k)")
+    plt.ylabel("Probability")
+    plt.title(f"Poisson Distribution (λ={lmbda})")
+    plt.show()
+
+def plot_normal(mean, std_dev):
+    x = np.linspace(mean - 4*std_dev, mean + 4*std_dev, 100)
+    y = normal_distribution_pdf(x, mean, std_dev)
+    plt.plot(x, y, color='red', label='PDF')
+    plt.fill_between(x, y, alpha=0.2, color='red')
+    plt.xlabel("X Values")
+    plt.ylabel("Probability Density")
+    plt.title(f"Normal Distribution (μ={mean}, σ={std_dev})")
+    plt.legend()
+    plt.show()
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Probability Calculator")
+    parser.add_argument("--correlation", nargs=2, type=float, metavar=("x", "y"), help="Calculate Correlation Coefficient")
+    parser.add_argument("--poisson", nargs=2, type=float, metavar=("lambda", "k"), help="Calculate Poisson probability P(X=k)")
+    parser.add_argument("--normal", nargs=3, type=float, metavar=("x", "mean", "std_dev"), help="Calculate Normal PDF and CDF")
+    parser.add_argument("--lognormal", nargs=3, type=float, metavar=("x", "mean", "std_dev"), help="Calculate Log-Normal PDF and CDF")
+    parser.add_argument("--gamma", nargs=3, type=float, metavar=("x", "alpha", "beta"), help="Calculate Gamma PDF and CDF")
+    parser.add_argument("--zvalue", nargs=3, type=float, metavar=("x", "mean", "std_dev"), help="Calculate Z-value")
+    parser.add_argument("--binomial", nargs=3, type=float, metavar=("n", "p", "k"), help="Calculate Binomial probability P(X=k)")
+    parser.add_argument("--exponential", nargs=2, type=float, metavar=("lambda", "x"), help="Calculate Exponential PDF and CDF")
+    parser.add_argument("--plot_poisson", type=float, metavar="lambda", help="Plot Poisson distribution")
+    parser.add_argument("--plot_normal", nargs=2, type=float, metavar=("mean", "std_dev"), help="Plot Normal distribution")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    
+    if args.correlation:
+        x, y = args.correlation
+        corr = correlation_coefficient(x, y)
+        print(f"Correlation Coefficient: {corr:.4f}")
+    
+    if args.poisson:
+        lmbda, k = args.poisson
+        prob = poisson_probability(lmbda, k)
+        print(f"Poisson P(X={int(k)}) with λ={lmbda}: {prob:.4f}")
+    
+    if args.normal:
+        x, mean, std_dev = args.normal
+        pdf_val = normal_distribution_pdf(x, mean, std_dev)
+        cdf_val = normal_distribution_cdf(x, mean, std_dev)
+        print(f"Normal Distribution at X={x} (μ={mean}, σ={std_dev}): PDF={pdf_val:.4f}, CDF={cdf_val:.4f}")
+        
+    if args.lognormal:
+        x, mean, std_dev = args.lognormal
+        pdf_val = log_normal_distribution_pdf(x, mean, std_dev)
+        print(f"Log-Normal Distribution at X={x} (μ={mean}, σ={std_dev}): PDF={pdf_val:.4f}")
+        
+    if args.gamma:
+        x, alpha, beta = args.gamma
+        pdf_val = gamma_distribution_pdf(x, alpha, beta)
+        print(f"Gamma Distribution at X={x} (α={alpha}, β={beta}): PDF={pdf_val:.4f}")
+        
+    if args.zvalue:
+        x, mean, std_dev = args.zvalue
+        z = z_value(x, mean, std_dev)
+        print(f"Z-value for X={x} (μ={mean}, σ={std_dev}): {z:.4f}")
+        
+    if args.binomial:
+        n, p, k = args.binomial
+        prob = binomial_probability(n, p, k)
+        print(f"Binomial P(X={int(k)}) with n={int(n)}, p={p}: {prob:.4f}")
+    
+    if args.exponential:
+        lmbda, x = args.exponential
+        pdf_val = exponential_probability(lmbda, x)
+        print(f"Exponential Distribution at X={x} (λ={lmbda}): PDF={pdf_val:.4f}")
+    
+    if args.plot_poisson:
+        plot_poisson(args.plot_poisson)
+    
+    if args.plot_normal:
+        mean, std_dev = args.plot_normal
+        plot_normal(mean, std_dev)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+
+# Example Usage:
+
+#python probability.py --correlation 2 4
+#python probability.py --poisson 4 2
+#python probability.py --normal 2 0 1
+#python probability.py --lognormal 20 2 3
+#python probability.py --gamma 2 2 1
+#python probability.py --zvalue 20 2 4
+#python probability.py --binomial 10 0.5 3
+#python probability.py --exponential 2 3
+#python probability.py --plot_poisson 4
+#python probability.py --plot_normal 0 1
+

pysnippets/Mathematics/test_prob.py

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+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+import scipy.stats as stats
+from probability import (
+    correlation_coefficient, poisson_probability, normal_distribution_pdf,
+    normal_distribution_cdf, log_normal_distribution_pdf, gamma_distribution_pdf,
+    z_value, binomial_probability, exponential_probability
+)
+
+class TestProbabilityFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
+    
+    def test_correlation_coefficient(self):
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        y = np.array([2, 4, 6, 8, 10])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(correlation_coefficient(x, y), 1.0, places=4)
+    
+    def test_poisson_probability(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(poisson_probability(3, 2), stats.poisson.pmf(2, 3), places=4)
+    
+    def test_normal_distribution_pdf(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(normal_distribution_pdf(0, 0, 1), stats.norm.pdf(0, 0, 1), places=4)
+    
+    def test_normal_distribution_cdf(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(normal_distribution_cdf(0, 0, 1), stats.norm.cdf(0, 0, 1), places=4)
+    
+    def test_log_normal_distribution_pdf(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(log_normal_distribution_pdf(1, 0, 1), stats.lognorm.pdf(1, 1, scale=np.exp(0)), places=4)
+    
+    def test_gamma_distribution_pdf(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(gamma_distribution_pdf(2, 3, 2), stats.gamma.pdf(2, 3, scale=1/2), places=4)
+    
+    def test_z_value(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(z_value(5, 2, 1), 3.0, places=4)
+    
+    def test_binomial_probability(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(binomial_probability(10, 0.5, 5), stats.binom.pmf(5, 10, 0.5), places=4)
+    
+    def test_exponential_probability(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(exponential_probability(2, 3), stats.expon.pdf(3, scale=1/2), places=4)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()