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‎project-01/Student_mgmt.py

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class StudentManagement:
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def __init__(self):
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# Initializes an empty dictionary to store student details.
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self.students = {}
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def add_student(self):
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roll_no = input("Enter student roll_num: ")
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if roll_no in self.students:
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print("Student already exists")
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return
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# Taking student details as input.
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name = input("Enter student name: ")
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age = input("Enter student age: ")
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CGPA = input("Enter student CGPA: ")
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# Storing student details in a dictionary.
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self.students[roll_no] = {"name": name, "age": age, "CGPA": CGPA}
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print("Student details added successfully")
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def view_students(self):
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if not self.students:
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print("No data exists")
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return
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print("\n--- STUDENT LIST ---\n")
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for roll_no, data in self.students.items():
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print(
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f"Roll no.: {roll_no}, Name: {data['name']}, Age: {data['age']}, CGPA: {data['CGPA']}"
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)
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def search_student(self):
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roll_no = input("Enter roll number: ")
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student = self.students.get(roll_no) # Using .get() to avoid KeyError.
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if student:
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print(f"Found: {student}")
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else:
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print("Student not found")
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def update_details(self):
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roll_no = input("Enter roll number: ")
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if roll_no not in self.students:
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print("Student not found!")
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return
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# If the user enters a blank value, retain the old value using "or".
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name = input(
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"Enter New Name (leave blank to keep existing): ") or self.students[roll_no]["name"]
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age = input(
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"Enter New Age (leave blank to keep existing): ") or self.students[roll_no]["age"]
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CGPA = input(
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"Enter New CGPA (leave blank to keep existing): ") or self.students[roll_no]["CGPA"]
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# Updating student details.
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self.students[roll_no] = {"name": name, "age": age, "CGPA": CGPA}
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print("Student updated successfully!")
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def delete_student(self):
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roll_no = input("Enter roll number: ")
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if roll_no in self.students:
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del self.students[roll_no] # Removing student from dictionary.
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print("Student details removed!")
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else:
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print("Student not found")
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def run(self):
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while True:
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print("\n1. Add Student\n2. View Students\n3. Search Student\n4. Update Student\n5. Delete Student\n6. Exit")
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choice = input("Enter your choice: ")
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# Checking user's choice and calling respective methods.
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if choice == "1":
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self.add_student()
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elif choice == "2":
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self.view_students()
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elif choice == "3":
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self.search_student()
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elif choice == "4":
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self.update_details()
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elif choice == "5":
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self.delete_student()
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elif choice == "6":
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print("Exiting...")
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break
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else:
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print("Invalid choice! Please try again.")
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# Ensures the script runs only when executed directly, not when imported as a module.
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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app = StudentManagement()
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app.run()

‎project-01/student_management.md

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# **CLI-Based Student Management System – Beginner's Guide**
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## **1. Introduction**
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A **Command Line Interface (CLI) Student Management System** is a simple application that allows users to manage student records efficiently using only the terminal. The system supports essential **CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete)** operations.
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This project is implemented using **Python** and focuses on key programming concepts like:
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- Functions & Classes
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- Dictionaries & Data Storage
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- Exception Handling
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- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
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- CLI-based interaction
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---
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## **2. Project Features**
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This system allows users to:
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1. **Add Student** – Create a new student record.
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2. **View Students** – Display all student records.
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3. **Search Student** – Find a student using their roll number.
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4. **Update Student** – Modify student details.
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5. **Delete Student** – Remove a student from the system.
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6. **Exit** – Quit the program.
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---
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## **3. Key Python Concepts Used**
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### **A. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)**
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This project follows the **OOP** paradigm. We use:
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- **Classes** to define the structure of the program.
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- **Objects** to interact with student records.
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- **Methods (Functions inside Classes)** to perform specific tasks.
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#### **Class Example**
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```python
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class StudentManagement:
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def __init__(self):
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self.students = {} # Dictionary to store student records
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```
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Here, the `StudentManagement` class contains all the functionalities of our system.
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### **B. Dictionaries for Data Storage**
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We use a **dictionary (`dict`)** to store student data:
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```python
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self.students = {
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"101": {"name": "John", "age": "20", "marks": "85"}
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}
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```
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Each **roll number** acts as a **unique key**, and the value is another dictionary containing student details.
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### **C. Exception Handling**
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Exception handling prevents the program from crashing when unexpected input is provided.
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#### Example:
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```python
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try:
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roll_no = input("Enter roll number: ")
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if roll_no not in self.students:
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raise ValueError("Student not found!")
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except ValueError as e:
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print(f"Error: {e}")
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```
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Here, if the roll number is not found, we manually **raise an error** using `raise ValueError("Student not found!")`.
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---
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## **4. Explanation of CRUD Operations**
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### **A. Create (Add a Student)**
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The `add_student()` method:
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1. Asks for student details.
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2. Checks if the roll number already exists.
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3. Stores student details in the dictionary.
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#### **Code Example**
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```python
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def add_student(self):
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roll_no = input("Enter student roll_num: ")
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if roll_no in self.students:
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print("Student already exists!")
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return
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name = input("Enter student name: ")
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age = input("Enter student age: ")
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marks = input("Enter student marks: ")
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self.students[roll_no] = {"name": name, "age": age, "marks": marks}
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print("Student added successfully!")
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```
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### **B. Read (View Students)**
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The `view_students()` method:
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1. Checks if any students exist.
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2. Loops through the dictionary and prints student details.
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#### **Code Example**
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```python
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def view_students(self):
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if not self.students:
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print("No data exists")
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return
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print("\n--- STUDENT LIST ---\n")
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for roll_no, data in self.students.items():
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print(f"Roll No.: {roll_no}, Name: {data['name']}, Age: {data['age']}, Marks: {data['marks']}")
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```
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### **C. Search Student**
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The `search_student()` method:
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1. Takes a roll number as input.
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2. Checks if it exists in the dictionary.
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3. Displays student details if found.
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#### **Code Example**
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```python
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def search_student(self):
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roll_no = input("Enter roll number: ")
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student = self.students.get(roll_no)
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if student:
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print(f"Found: {student}")
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else:
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print("Student not found")
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```
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### **D. Update Student Details**
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The `update_details()` method:
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1. Asks for the roll number.
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2. If found, asks for new details (allows skipping updates).
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3. Updates the dictionary.
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#### **Key Concept: Default Values using `or`**
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```python
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name = input("Enter New Name (leave blank to keep existing): ") or self.students[roll_no]["name"]
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```
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- If the user **enters a value**, it is stored.
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- If the user **presses Enter (leaving blank)**, it keeps the existing value.
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#### **Code Example**
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```python
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def update_details(self):
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roll_no = input("Enter roll number: ")
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if roll_no not in self.students:
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print("Student not found!")
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return
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name = input("Enter New Name (leave blank to keep existing): ") or self.students[roll_no]["name"]
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age = input("Enter New Age (leave blank to keep existing): ") or self.students[roll_no]["age"]
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marks = input("Enter New Marks (leave blank to keep existing): ") or self.students[roll_no]["marks"]
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self.students[roll_no] = {"name": name, "age": age, "marks": marks}
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print("Student updated successfully!")
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```
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### **E. Delete a Student**
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The `delete_student()` method:
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1. Takes a roll number as input.
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2. Deletes the entry from the dictionary.
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#### **Code Example**
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```python
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def delete_student(self):
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roll_no = input("Enter roll number: ")
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if roll_no in self.students:
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del self.students[roll_no]
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print("Student details removed!")
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else:
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print("Student not found")
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```
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---
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## **5. CLI Menu System**
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A `while True` loop is used to create a **menu-driven interface**:
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```python
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def run(self):
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while True:
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print("\n1. Add Student\n2. View Students\n3. Search Student\n4. Update Student\n5. Delete Student\n6. Exit")
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choice = input("Enter your choice: ")
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if choice == "1":
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self.add_student()
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elif choice == "2":
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self.view_students()
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elif choice == "3":
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self.search_student()
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elif choice == "4":
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self.update_details()
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elif choice == "5":
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self.delete_student()
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elif choice == "6":
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print("Exiting...")
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break
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else:
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print("Invalid choice! Please try again.")
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```
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### **Key Points:**
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- Users **choose an option** (1-6).
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- Corresponding **method is executed**.
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- **Loop continues** until the user selects **Exit (6)**.
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---
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## **6. Running the Program**
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To run the program only when executed directly:
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```python
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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app = StudentManagement()
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app.run()
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```
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This ensures that the script **only runs when executed**, not when imported.
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---
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## **7. Summary of Key Takeaways**
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✅ **Used Python Classes & OOP**
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✅ **Implemented CRUD Operations**
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✅ **Used Dictionaries for Data Storage**
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✅ **Handled Exceptions Gracefully**
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✅ **Built a CLI-Based Interactive System**
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---
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## **8. Possible Enhancements**
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- **Store Data Permanently** (Using JSON or SQLite)
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- **Add More Fields** (e.g., Address, Course)
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- **Implement Sorting & Filtering**
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- **GUI Version (Tkinter or Flask Web App)**
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---
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‎project-01/tempCodeRunnerFile.py

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# if __name__ == "__main__":
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# app = StudentManagement()
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# app.run()

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