updated

Author: Rohit-2301

Inheritance/Basic.py

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+# Inheritance allows a class (child class) to reuse attributes and methods from another class (parent class).
+
+class parent:
+    def greet(self):
+        print("hello, from parent")
+
+
+class child(parent):
+    def greet2(self):
+        print("hello, from child")
+    pass  # inherits everything from parent
+
+
+obj = child()
+obj.greet()
+obj.greet2()

Inheritance/ConstructorInheritance.py

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+# The __init__() method is a constructor in Python that is automatically called when an object of a class is created.
+# In inheritance, its behavior can be controlled to initialize attributes in both parent and child classes.
+
+
+class parent:
+    def __init__(self):
+        print("Parent Constructor")
+
+
+class Child(parent):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()  # super() function  is used  access the constructor of parent class
+        print("Child Constructor")
+
+
+# If a child class defines its own __init__(), it overrides the parent’s constructor.
+class child1(parent):
+    def __init__(self):
+        print("child1 constructor")
+
+
+obj = Child()
+obj1 = child1()
+
+
+# If the parent class has parameters, we must pass arguments using super().
+

Inheritance/HierarchicalInheritance.py

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+# Hierarchical Inheritance:In this multiple child inherit a single parent
+# like here we 'A' and 'B' inherit 'parent', i.e., obj of both 'A' and 'B' can access function/variable of parent class
+class parent:
+    def common(self):
+        print("parent")
+
+
+class A(parent):
+    def feature1(self):
+        print("A")
+
+
+class B(parent):
+    def feature2(self):
+        print("B")
+
+
+obj1 = A()
+obj2 = B()
+obj1.common()
+obj2.common()

Inheritance/MultilevelInheritance.py

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+# A child class inherits from another child class.
+# here {Grandparent <-- Parent <-- child}, child has properties of both parent and grandparent, therefore we can access their function with the help of obj of 'child'
+
+
+class Grandparent:
+    def feature1(self):
+        print("Feature from Grandparent")
+
+
+class Parent(Grandparent):
+    def feature2(self):
+        print("Feature from Parent")
+
+
+class Child(Parent):
+    def feature3(self):
+        print("Feature from Child")
+
+
+obj = Child()
+obj.feature1()  # From Grandparent
+obj.feature2()  # From Parent
+obj.feature3()  # Defined in Child

Inheritance/MultipleInheritance.py

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+# Multiple Inheritance : in multiple inheritance a class can have multiple parents,
+# like here 'C' is inheriting 'A' as well as 'B'
+class A:
+    def a(self):
+        print("this is a")
+
+
+class B:
+    def b(self):
+        print("this is b")
+
+
+class C(A, B):
+    pass
+
+
+obj = C()
+obj.a()
+obj.b()

Inheritance/overriding.py

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+# Overriding is a concept , in which we have same function name, in both the parent and child class, but with a different body,
+# (OR)
+# Overriding means redefining a method in the child class that already exists in the parent class .
+# The child class replaces the parent's method with its own version.
+class parent:
+    def show(self):
+        print("parent class")
+
+
+class child(parent):
+    def show(self):
+        print("child class")
+
+
+obj = child()
+obj.show()

Inheritance/super.py

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+# super keyword: it is used to access the functions of parent class
+class parent:
+    def show(self):
+        print("parent class")
+
+
+class child(parent):
+    def show(self):
+        super().show()
+        print("this is child class")
+
+
+obj = child()
+obj.show()

Project-01/README.md

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+# 📚 CLI-Based Student Management System
+
+## Overview
+A simple CLI-based Student Management System that:
+✅ Uses custom exceptions for input validation (e.g., invalid age, duplicate ID)
+✅ Uses file handling to store student data persistently
+✅ Implements OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) for better structure
+✅ Follows a menu-driven CLI format
+
+## Features
+- Add a student (ID, name, age)
+- View all students
+- Search for a student by ID
+- Delete a student
+- Exit
+
+## Why Use a CLI Tool?
+✅ Lightweight and fast ⚡
+✅ Can be used remotely (e.g., SSH into a server)
+✅ Ideal for automation tasks
+✅ Easy to integrate into scripts
+
+## 🖥️ Examples of CLI Tools:
+- git (Version Control)
+- pip (Python Package Manager)
+- ls, cd, mkdir (Linux commands)
+
+# 🚀 Project Overview
+This project is a ** Command Line Interface(CLI) Student Management System ** that allows users to manage student records efficiently. It follows ** Object-Oriented Programming(OOP) ** principles and incorporates ** custom exceptions ** for input validation. Additionally, student data is stored using ** file handling ** for persistence.
+
+# ✨ Features
+✅ Add a student(ID, name, age)
+✅ View all students
+✅ Search for a student by ID
+✅ Delete a student
+✅ Exit
+
+# 🛠 Technologies Used
+- **Python ** (Core programming language)
+- **File Handling ** (For persistent storage)
+- **Custom Exceptions ** (For error handling)
+- **OOP(Object-Oriented Programming) ** (For better code structure)
+
+# 📂 File Structure
+```
+StudentManagementSystem/
+│── main.py               # Entry point of the program
+│── student.py            # Student class definition
+│── student_manager.py    # Handles student operations
+│── students.txt          # Stores student data
+│── exceptions.py         # Custom exceptions for validation
+│── README.md             # Project documentation
+```
+
+# 🎯 How It Works
+# 1️⃣ **Add a Student**
+- Users can add a student by providing a ** unique ID, name, and age**.
+- The system validates the input and prevents duplicate IDs.
+- Data is stored in a file for persistence.
+
+# 2️⃣ **View All Students**
+- Displays all student records stored in the file.
+- Ensures data is retrieved in a readable format.
+
+# 3️⃣ **Search for a Student by ID**
+- Users can enter a ** Student ID ** to find a specific record.
+- Returns details if the student exists
+otherwise, shows an error message.
+
+# 4️⃣ **Delete a Student**
+- Users can delete a student using their ** ID**.
+- The system removes the entry from the file.
+
+# 5️⃣ **Exit the Program**
+- Ends the CLI session gracefully.
+
+# ⚙️ How to Run the Program
+# Step 1️⃣: Clone the Repository
+```sh
+git clone https: // github.com/your-username/StudentManagementSystem.git
+cd StudentManagementSystem
+```
+
+# Step 2️⃣: Run the Program
+```sh
+python main.py
+```
+
+# 🚨 Custom Exception Handling
+The system uses custom exceptions for:
+- **Invalid Age Exception**: Ensures the age is a positive integer.
+- **Duplicate ID Exception**: Prevents adding students with the same ID.
+- **Student Not Found Exception**: Handles errors when searching for non-existent students.
+
+# 📝 Future Enhancements
+- Implement a ** GUI version ** of the system.
+- Add ** database storage ** instead of file handling.
+- Include ** student grade tracking**.
+
+# 💡 Contributing
+Contributions are welcome! Feel free to submit issues and pull requests.
+
+# � License
+This project is open-source and available under the ** MIT License**.
+
+---
+Developed with ❤️ by[Rohit]

Project-01/Student-management/exceptions.py

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+
+
+def add_student():
+    Name = input("Enter student name: ")
+    Roll_no = int(input("Enter student roll no.: "))
+    Age = int(input("Enter student age: "))
+    CGPA = float(input("Enter student CGPA:"))
+    print(f"Student Name:{Name}\nRoll_no:{Roll_no}\nAge: {Age}\nCGPA: {CGPA}")
+
+
+def view_student():
+
+
+def delete_student():
+
+    # with open("student.txt", "w") as file:
+
+
+def option_1():
+    print("Add student")
+    add_student()
+
+
+def option_2():
+    print("View student")
+    view_student()
+
+
+def option_3():
+    print("Delete student")
+    delete_student()

Project-01/Student-management/main.py

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+Great approach! Here’s your **step-by-step roadmap** to building the **CLI-based Student Management System** 🚀  
+
+---
+
+### **Step 1: Plan the Features**  
+Your CLI should allow users to:  
+✅ **Add students** (Name, Roll Number, Marks)  
+✅ **View all students**  
+✅ **Search for a student by Roll Number**  
+✅ **Delete a student**  
+✅ **Exit the program**  
+
+---
+
+### **Step 2: Structure the Project**  
+Break it down into logical parts:  
+1️⃣ **Main Program (CLI Loop)** – This will continuously prompt users for input.  
+2️⃣ **Functions** for each feature (e.g., `add_student()`, `view_students()`).  
+3️⃣ **Data Storage** – Use a file (`students.txt` or JSON) to store student records.  
+4️⃣ **Custom Exceptions** for handling invalid inputs.  
+5️⃣ **Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)** for a well-structured approach.  
+
+---
+
+### **Step 3: Implement Basic CLI Loop**  
+- Use an infinite loop (`while True`) to keep the program running.  
+- Display a **menu** with options (1. Add Student, 2. View, etc.).  
+- Use `input()` to take user choices and call respective functions.  
+- Provide an **exit option** (`break` the loop).  
+
+---
+
+### **Step 4: Implement Core Functionalities**  
+1️⃣ **Add Student**  
+   - Take user input (Name, Roll No, Marks).  
+   - Store it in a file (`students.txt` or `students.json`).  
+
+2️⃣ **View Students**  
+   - Read the file and display all students.  
+
+3️⃣ **Search Student**  
+   - Ask for Roll Number and find in the file.  
+
+4️⃣ **Delete Student**  
+   - Remove a student's data by Roll Number and update the file.  
+
+5️⃣ **Handle Edge Cases**  
+   - What if the file is empty?  
+   - What if the Roll Number doesn’t exist?  
+   - What if the user enters invalid input?  
+
+---
+
+### **Step 5: Add Exception Handling & Validation**  
+- Use **try-except** to catch input errors.  
+- Implement a **custom exception** like `StudentNotFoundError`.  
+
+---
+
+### **Step 6: Test Your CLI Tool**  
+- Test with different inputs.  
+- Try edge cases (searching for a non-existing student, deleting from an empty file).  
+- Handle unexpected inputs (e.g., entering text instead of a number).  
+
+---
+
+### **Final Step: Improve & Optimize**  
+🔹 **Add Data Persistence** – Store students in JSON instead of text for better structure.  
+🔹 **Make the CLI User-Friendly** – Use formatting (`print(f"{name: <10} {roll: <5} {marks: <5}")`).  
+🔹 **Expand Features** – Add grade calculation, sorting, or updating student records.  
+
+---
+
+That’s your **roadmap!** 🛣️🔥 You can start coding step by step and ask me for help anytime.  
+
+Which step would you like to begin with? 🚀

Project-01/Student-management/student.py

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+import calendar
+yy = 2025
+mm = 3
+print(calendar.month(yy, mm))