Updated Showinfo

Author: ArminJo

README.md

@@ -33,26 +33,26 @@ Not yet available as Arduino library.
 <br/>
 
 # Table of content
-* [SimpleEMAFilters.hpp](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#simpleemafiltershpp)
-* [ADCUtils.cpp](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#adcutilscpp)
+* [SimpleEMAFilters](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#simpleemafilters)
+* [ADCUtils](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#adcutils)
 * [HCSR04](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#hcsr04)
-* [MeasureVoltageAndResistance.hpp](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#measurevoltageandresistancehpp)
-* [BlinkLed.cpp](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#blinkledcpp)
+* [MeasureVoltageAndResistance](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#measurevoltageandresistancehpp)
+* [BlinkLed](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#blinkled)
 * [ShowInfo](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#showinfo)
 * [HexDump](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#hexdump)
-* [AVRUtils.cpp](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#avrutilscpp)
-* [MillisUtils.cpp](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#millisutilscpp)
-* [DebugLevel.h](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#debuglevelh)
-* [ATtinyUtils.cpp](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#attinyutilscpp)
-* [AvrTracing.hpp](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#avrtracinghpp)
+* [AVRUtils](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#avrutils)
+* [MillisUtils](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#millisutils)
+* [DebugLevel](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#debuglevel)
+* [ATtinyUtils](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#attinyutils)
+* [AvrTracing](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#avrtracing)
 * [Utilities available as separate Arduino library](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#utilities-available-as-separate-arduino-library)
-  * [ATtinySerialOut.cpp](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#attinyserialoutcpp)
-  * [EasyButtonAtInt01.hpp](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#easybuttonatint01hpp)
+  * [ATtinySerialOut](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#attinyserialout)
+  * [EasyButtonAtInt01](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#easybuttonatint01)
   * [The very useful digitalWriteFast.h file based on the version from Watterott electronic.](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#the-very-useful-digitalwritefasth-file-based-on-the-version-from-watterott-electronic)
 * [Revision History](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#revision-history)
 * [CI](https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils?tab=readme-ov-file#ci)
 
-# SimpleEMAFilters.hpp
+# SimpleEMAFilters
 An EMA (**Exponential Moving Average**) filter behaves like an RC lowpass filter with RC = SamplePeriod((1-alpha)/alpha) see [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-pass_filter#Simple_infinite_impulse_response_filter).<br/>
 An EMA filter is implemented by e.g. the following statement:
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ Lowpass8_int32 += ((((int32_t) InputValue) << 16) - Lowpass8_int32) >> 8; // Fix
 - https://github.com/popcornell/Arduino-Multiplierless-EMA-filter
 - https://github.com/MakeMagazinDE/DigitaleFilter
 
-# ADCUtils.cpp
+# ADCUtils
 Fast and flexible ADC conversions. **Intelligent handling of delays for reference and channel switching**.
 - Functions for easy **oversampling**.
 - Function for easy getting the maximum value of measurements.
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ Fast and flexible ADC conversions. **Intelligent handling of delays for referenc
 4. All modules:<br/>
    Connect Trigger and Echo by a resistor of 4.7 k&ohm;.
 
-# MeasureVoltageAndResistance.hpp
+# MeasureVoltageAndResistance
 Measures voltage and resistance with **1 mV and 2 &ohm; resolution** at the lower end.<br/>
 First voltage is measured. If voltage is zero, then the unknown resistance to ground is measured using the 5 volt (VCC) supply with internal/series resistance of 10 k&ohm; or 100 k&ohm;.
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ First voltage is measured. If voltage is zero, then the unknown resistance to gr
 ### Fritzing schematics
 ![Fritzing schematics](extras/VoltAndOhmmeter_Schaltplan.png)
 
-# BlinkLed.cpp
+# BlinkLed
 - Class for blinking one ore more LED's in different fashions.
 
 # ShowInfo
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ First voltage is measured. If voltage is zero, then the unknown resistance to gr
 0x0020:  0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 ```
 
-# AVRUtils.cpp
+# AVRUtils
 - Sleep and sleep with watchdog functions.
 - Available Ram, Heap / Stack memory display.
 
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ Stack used 20 of 7
 Currently available Heap=0
 ```
 
-# MillisUtils.cpp
+# MillisUtils
 Unifies millis() timer handling for Digispark, AttinyCore and Arduino cores.
 - Start, stop and modify milliseconds timer and value.
 - Functions to compensate `millis()` after long running tasks in `noIterrupt()` context like NeoPixel output, ADC buffer reading etc.
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ Unifies millis() timer handling for Digispark, AttinyCore and Arduino cores.
 - Propagating debug levels for development. Supports level `TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN and ERROR`.
 - **Includes an explanation of semantics of these levels**.
 
-# ATtinyUtils.cpp
+# ATtinyUtils
 - `toneWithTimer1PWM()`.
 - `noToneWithTimer1PWM()`.
 - `isBODSFlagExistent()` -> checking for ATtiny85 revision C.
@@ -248,18 +248,18 @@ Unifies millis() timer handling for Digispark, AttinyCore and Arduino cores.
 It changes Digispark Bootloader clock settings to get the right CPU frequency and resets Digispark OCCAL tweak.
 Consider to use new [optimized Digispark core](https://github.com/ArminJo/DigistumpArduino) instead.
 
-# AvrTracing.hpp
+# AvrTracing
 **Tracing an Arduino program** by printing each program counter value after executing one instruction.
 
 # Utilities available as separate Arduino library
 
-## [ATtinySerialOut.cpp](https://github.com/ArminJo/ATtinySerialOut/src)
+## [ATtinySerialOut](https://github.com/ArminJo/ATtinySerialOut/src)
 Minimal bit-bang send serial
 - 115200 baud for 1/8/16 MHz ATtiny clock.
 The utility for serial output for ATtinies is contained in the [ATtinySerialOut library](https://github.com/ArminJo/ATtinySerialOut)
 available as an Arduino library.
 
-## [EasyButtonAtInt01.hpp](https://github.com/ArminJo/EasyButtonAtInt01/src)
+## [EasyButtonAtInt01](https://github.com/ArminJo/EasyButtonAtInt01/src)
 - Arduino library for handling push buttons just connected between ground and INT0 and / or INT1 pin.
 - No external pullup, **no polling needed**.
 The utility for easy button handling for ATmegas or ATtinies is contained in the [EasyButtonAtInt01 library](https://github.com/ArminJo/EasyButtonAtInt01)

examples/AVRUtilsDemo/AVRUtilsDemo.ino

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 /*
  *  AVRUtilsDemo.cpp
  *
- *  Demo of using 4 seconds sleep on an ATtiny
+ *  Demo of 2 seconds sleep with watchdog
+ *  Demo of printRAMInfo() and printStackUnusedAndUsedBytes ()
  *
- *  Copyright (C) 2020  Armin Joachimsmeyer
+ *  Copyright (C) 2020-2024  Armin Joachimsmeyer
  *  armin.joachimsmeyer@gmail.com
  *
  *  This file is part of Arduino-Utils https://github.com/ArminJo/Arduino-Utils.
@@ -39,16 +40,16 @@
 
 #if defined(__AVR__)
 
-#if defined(__AVR_ATtiny25__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny45__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__) \
+#include "AVRUtils.h"
+#include "ShowInfo.h"
+#include "HexDump.hpp"
+
+#  if defined(__AVR_ATtiny25__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny45__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__) \
     || defined(__AVR_ATtiny24__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny44__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny84__) \
     || defined(__AVR_ATtiny87__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny167__) \
     || defined(__AVR_ATtiny88__)
-#define CODE_FOR_ATTINY
+#  define CODE_FOR_ATTINY
 #endif
-
-#include "AVRUtils.h"
-#include "HexDump.h"
-
 #if defined(CODE_FOR_ATTINY)
 #include "ATtinySerialOut.hpp" // Available as Arduino library "ATtinySerialOut"
 #else
@@ -57,59 +58,25 @@
 //#define SIZE_OF_DUMMY_ARRAY     1700    // Stack is OK, but no heap is available
 #define SIZE_OF_DUMMY_ARRAY     1600    // Stack is OK, and small heap is available
 uint8_t sDummyArray[SIZE_OF_DUMMY_ARRAY] __attribute__((section(".noinit"))); // Place it at end of BSS to be first overwritten by stack.
-
-/*
- * !!! THIS WORKS ONLY WITH VERSION 8.0 OF THE OPTIBOOT BOOTLOADER !!!
- First, we need a variable to hold the reset cause that can be written before
- early sketch initialization (that might change r2), and won't be reset by the
- various initialization code.
- avr-gcc provides for this via the ".noinit" section.
- */
-uint8_t sMCUSR __attribute__ ((section(".noinit")));
-
-/*
- Next, we need to put some code to save reset cause from the bootloader (in r2)
- to the variable.  Again, avr-gcc provides special code sections for this.
- If compiled with link time optimization (-flto), as done by the Arduino
- IDE version 1.6 and higher, we need the "used" attribute to prevent this
- from being omitted.
- */
-void resetFlagsInit(void) __attribute__ ((naked))
-__attribute__ ((used))
-__attribute__ ((section (".init0")));
-void resetFlagsInit(void) {
-    /*
-     save the reset flags passed from the bootloader
-     This is a "simple" matter of storing (STS) r2 in the special variable
-     that we have created. We use assembler to access the right variable.
-     */
-    __asm__ __volatile__ ("sts %0, r2\n" : "=m" (sMCUSR) :);
-}
-
 #endif
 
-uint16_t sStaticVariable = 1; // Resides in data segment (variables initialized with values != zero)
-bool sBootReasonWasPowerUp = false; // Resides in BSS segment, because it is initialized with 0;
-
-//#include "ShowInfo.h"
-
 #define VERSION_EXAMPLE "1.0"
 
-#define LED_PIN  PB1
 #define TONE_OUT_PIN 4
-#define BEEP_FREQUENCY 2100
-#define BEEP_START_DURATION_MILLIS 400
-#define BEEP_DEFAULT_DURATION_MILLIS 80
 
 #if defined(CODE_FOR_ATTINY)
+#define LED_PIN  PB1
 // Pin 1 has an LED connected on my Digispark board.
 #  if (LED_PIN == TX_PIN)
 #error LED pin must not be equal TX pin (pin 2).
 #  endif
 
-uint8_t sMCUSRStored; // content of MCUSR register at startup
+#else
+#define LED_PIN  LED_BUILTIN
 #endif
 
+uint8_t sMCUSRStored; // content of MCUSR register at startup
+
 // Helper macro for getting a macro definition as string
 #define STR_HELPER(x) #x
 #define STR(x) STR_HELPER(x)
@@ -128,50 +95,44 @@ void setup() {
         GPIOR0 = 0; // Clear it to detect a jmp 0
     }
 
+    initStackFreeMeasurement();
+
     /*
      * Initialize the serial pin as an output for Serial.print like debugging
      */
     initTXPin();
-    writeString(F("START " __FILE__ "\nVersion " VERSION_EXAMPLE " from " __DATE__ "\nMCUSR="));
-    writeUnsignedByteHexWithPrefix(sMCUSRStored);
-    write1Start8Data1StopNoParity('\n');
 #else
 
+    sMCUSRStored = MCUSR; // content of MCUSR register at startup
+    MCUSR = 0;
+    wdt_disable();
+
     for (int i = 0; i < SIZE_OF_DUMMY_ARRAY; ++i) {
-        sDummyArray[i] = 0; // Mark array with 0 to detect overwriting by stack
+        sDummyArray[i] = 0; // Mark array with 0 to detect overwriting by StackFreeMeasurement
     }
     initStackFreeMeasurement();
 
-    MCUSR = 0;
-    if (sMCUSR & (1 << PORF)) {
-        sBootReasonWasPowerUp = true; // always true for old Optiboot bootloader
-    }
-
     Serial.begin(115200);
 
+#endif // defined(CODE_FOR_ATTINY)
     // Just to know which program is running on my Arduino
-    Serial.println(F("START " __FILE__ "\r\nVersion " VERSION_EXAMPLE " from  " __DATE__ ));
+    Serial.println(F("START " __FILE__ "\r\nVersion " VERSION_EXAMPLE " from  " __DATE__));
+    Serial.println();
+
     Serial.print(F("sMCUSR=0x"));
-    Serial.print(sMCUSR, HEX);
-    Serial.print(F(" BootReasonWasPowerUp="));
-    Serial.println(sBootReasonWasPowerUp);
-#endif
+    Serial.print(sMCUSRStored, HEX);
+    Serial.print(F(" => Boot reason is"));
+    printMCUSR(sMCUSRStored);
+
+    printBODLevel();
 
     /*
-     * Prints to avoid optimizing away the two variables
+     * Prints to avoid optimizing away the sDummyArray, which is first overwritten by stack.
      */
-    sStaticVariable = analogRead(A0); // to avoid optimizing away sStaticVariable
-    Serial.print(F("sStaticVariable filled by analogRead(A0)="));
-    Serial.println(sStaticVariable);
     Serial.print(F("sDummyArray[1000]=0x"));
     Serial.println(sDummyArray[1000], HEX);
     Serial.println(F("DummyArray size=" STR(SIZE_OF_DUMMY_ARRAY)));
 
-    // This requires ShowInfo
-//    printMCUSR(sMCUSRStored);
-//    printBODLevel();
-//    printFuses();
-
     pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
 
     // activate LED
@@ -182,17 +143,22 @@ void setup() {
     digitalWrite(LED_PIN, 0);
     delay(200);
 
-    tone(TONE_OUT_PIN, BEEP_FREQUENCY, BEEP_START_DURATION_MILLIS);
-    delay(BEEP_START_DURATION_MILLIS);
+    tone(TONE_OUT_PIN, 2200, 400);
+    delay(400);
 
     Serial.println();
     printRAMInfo(&Serial);
     printStackUnusedAndUsedBytes(&Serial);
+
     Serial.println();
 
-    printMemoryHexDump((uint8_t*) (RAMEND - 128) + 1, 128, true);
+    Serial.println(F("Dump stack / end of RAM"));
+    printMemoryHexDump((uint8_t*) (RAMEND - 256) + 1, 256);
 
     Serial.println();
+    printStackUsedBytes(&Serial);
+    Serial.println();
+
 //}
 
     /*
@@ -215,16 +181,19 @@ void setup() {
 
 void loop() {
 
-// 4 second CPU idle
-    for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
-        delayMicroseconds(40000);
-    }
     digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
-    delayMicroseconds(20000);
+    delay(400);
+    if (sNumberOfSleeps == 4) {
+        Serial.println(F("Wait 5 seconds to force watchdog reset"));
+        wdt_enable(WDTO_2S); // Resets after 2.5 seconds and then every 100 ms if not wdt_disable();
+        delay(5000);
+    }
     digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
-    ADCSRA = 0; // disable ADC just before sleep -> saves 200 uA
-    sleepWithWatchdog(WDTO_4S, true); // Sleep 4 seconds
+    Serial.print(F("Sleep 2 seconds with watchdog reset sNumberOfSleeps="));
+    Serial.println(sNumberOfSleeps);
+    Serial.flush(); // Otherwise the USART interrupt will wake us up
+    sleepWithWatchdog(WDTO_2S, true); // Sleep 2 seconds
 }
 #else
-#error This source is only for ATTinies
-#endif
+#error This source is only for AVR
+#endif //defined(__AVR__)

src/AVRUtils.cpp

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ uint16_t getStackUnusedAndUsedBytes(uint16_t *aStackUsedBytesPointer) {
         tHeapPtr++;
         tStackUnused++;
     }
-    *aStackUsedBytesPointer = (RAMEND - (uint16_t) tHeapPtr) + 1;
+    *aStackUsedBytesPointer = ((RAMEND + 1) - (uint16_t) tHeapPtr);
 
     return tStackUnused;
 }
@@ -95,8 +95,9 @@ uint16_t getStackUnusedAndUsedBytes(uint16_t *aStackUsedBytesPointer) {
  * Returns the amount of stack/heap touched since the last call to initStackFreeMeasurement()
  * by check for first non touched pattern on the stack/heap, starting the DOWNWARD search at current stack pointer.
  *
- * This returns too big value, if the end of former malloced and written memory was higher than current stackpointer,
- * which nevertheless looks like a potential programming problem.
+ * If the end of former malloced and written memory was higher than current stackpointer,
+ * the memory area is taken as overwritten stack. Therefore we may return values, which are too big.
+ * But nevertheless, this constellation is likely a potential programming problem!
  */
 uint16_t getStackUsedBytes() {
     uint8_t tDummyVariableOnStack;
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ uint16_t getStackUsedBytes() {
         tSearchPtr--;
     }
 
-    return (RAMEND + 1) - (uint16_t)tSearchPtr;
+    return (RAMEND + 1) - (uint16_t) tSearchPtr;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -217,7 +218,9 @@ void printStackUnusedAndUsedBytesIfChanged(Print *aSerial) {
  */
 void printRAMInfo(Print *aSerial) {
     uint16_t tHeapStart = (uint16_t) getHeapStart();
-    aSerial->print(F("Size of Data + BSS, Heap start, Stack end="));
+    aSerial->print(F("Size of Data + BSS, Heap start, Stack end=0x"));
+    aSerial->print(tHeapStart - RAMSTART, HEX);
+    aSerial->print(F(" | "));
     aSerial->println(tHeapStart - RAMSTART);
 
     printStackUsedBytes(aSerial);

src/AVRUtils.h

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <avr/sleep.h>
 #include <avr/wdt.h>
+#include "avr/boot.h"
 
 /*
  * storage for millis value to enable compensation for interrupt disable at signal acquisition etc.

src/HexDump.hpp

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #define HEX_DUMP_FORMAT_8_BIT_ADDRESS           0x04 // Bit 2: else 16 bit Address
 #define HEX_DUMP_FORMAT_ASCII_VALUES            0x08 // default
 
+void printBufferHex(uint8_t *aBufferAddress, uint16_t aNumberOfBytesToPrint);
 void printBufferHexDump(uint8_t *aBufferAddress, uint16_t aNumberOfBytesToPrint);
 void printBufferHexAndASCIIDump(uint8_t *aBufferAddress, uint16_t aNumberOfBytesToPrint);
 void printMemoryHexDump(uint8_t *aMemory, uint16_t aSizeOfMemoryToPrint, uint8_t aBytesPerLine = _16_BYTES_PER_LINE,